Umwami w’Uburundi: Iyimikwa ryiwe ryabera he, ryaba gute?
Mu migirwa yo kwimika umwami mu Burundi harimwo gutera ibigabiro, ibiti vy’ubwoko butatu harimwo ikivumu
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Mu migirwa yo kwimika umwami mu Burundi harimwo gutera ibigabiro, ibiti vy’ubwoko butatu harimwo ikivumu
Kuri uyu wa gatandatu mu Bwongereza habaye ibirori vyo kwimika umwami mushasha, Charles III.
Uburundi nabwo bwahoze ari ubwami gushika mu 1966. Igihe ubwami bw’Uburundi bwatanguriye ntikizwi neza, mu bashakashatsi hari abavuga ko bwatanguye mu kinjana ca 15. Ariko abami batanu banyuma bo imyaka batwaye irazwi:
- Ntare IV Rugamba: 1795-1852
- Mwezi IV Gisabo: 1852-1908
- Mutaga IV Mbikije: 1908-1905
- Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge: 1915 – 8 Mukakaro (7) 1966
- Ntare V Charles Ndizeye: 8 Mukakaro (7) 1966 – 28 Munyonyo (11) 1966
None iyimikwa ry’umwami mushasha ryagenda gute, ryabera he? Twabibajije umukurambere akaba n’umwigisha wa kaminuza mu mateka na kahise, Professeur Emile Mworoha, ubu ari mu kiruhuko c’izabukuru.
Ibirori vy’iyimikwa ry’umwami mu Burundi vyama bibera i Muramvya, bikaba mu bice bitatu no mu bibanza bitatu nyene bitandukanye ariko vyose biri mu ntara ya Muramvya.
Ibishegu (abapatiri ba Kiranga) nivyo vyasuzuma kugira bimenye umunsi mwiza uzoberako ibirori vyo kwimika umwami.
Mu kuwumenya, Mworoha avuga ko babaga intama hanyuma bagasoma mu nda yayo ibimenyetso bibabwira umunsi mwiza uwari wo nabo bagaca bawumenyesha abajejwe gutunganya ibirori.
1. Mucece na Nyavyamo
Ibirori n’imigirwa yo kwimika umwami vyatangurira mu kiyaya c’Abami mu mahwanye y’inzuzi za Mucece na Nyavyamo mu ntara ya Muramvya.
Aho niho hahurira abaganwa, abatware, abatongore (abantu batunze inka nyinshi) n’abaganuza (abakurikirana ibijanye n’umuganuro).
Emile Mworoha avuga kandi ko haza n’abandi bantu benshi [baje baherekeje abaganwa n’abatware bavuye irya n’ino mu gihugu] bazanye inka, inzoga z’ubuki n’ivyimburwa bitandukaye.
Iryo sinzi ry’abantu ryakoranira muri ico kiyaya kugira ryerekwe umwami mushasha.
Uwo munsi inka zaca zishoka (kunywa amazi) aho mu cambu ca Mucece na Nyavyamo. Zaba zinyotewe cane kuko zaba zimaze iminsi zidashoka.
Incungu
Imbere y’icambu izo nka zashokamwo haba hashizwe umuhungu w’umusore yatoranywa mu muryango w’Abahirwa kugira azobe incungu ku munsi wo kwimika umwami.
Izo nka zishotse zamucako zimuhonyora gushika aho apfa.
Umwigisha Mworoha avuga ko uwabaye incungu mu gihe Umwami Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge yimikwa mu 1915 yitwa Ntamobwa.
Yajanwa kuri ico cambu yahawe inzoga y’ubuki iboreza cane. Incungu imaze gutangwa rero umwami yaca yerekwa igihugu.
Umwami – kenshi yaba akiri umwana muto – bamuzana yicaritswe ku mpfizi y’inka bita Semasaka, akerekanwa n’umuganwa mukuru.
Mu bimenyetso umwami mushasha yahabwa harimwo Isinzo Nyabarima (inyundo), Ingoma ya Karyenda hamwe n’Icumu.
Umuguruzi w’inyoni
Umwami amaze kwerekanwa hari umuntu yitwa umuguruzi w’inyoni yahabwa inka y’isave (inka itavyara) n’isuguru y’impene (canke ihebe), agafata inzira akagenda “gukura umucafu wose wobuza umwami gushika ku ngoma no gutembera igihugu neza”.
Umwigisha Mworoha avuga ko uwo muntu ata wamenya iherezo ryiwe kuko ntiyasubira kugaruka i bwami.
Mworoha avuga ko atazi niba umuguruzi w’inyoni hari umuryango runaka yatorwamwo nka kurya kw’incungu.
2. Rubumba
Ibirori vyo mu kiyaya ca Nyavyamo na Mucece biheze abantu bose bari aho baca baduga ku musozi wa Rubumba muri Kiganda, aho umwami yaja gutera ibigabiro.
Vyari bigizwe n’ibiti vy’ubwoko butatu: ikivumu, umurinzi n’igitongati.
Mworoha avuga ko ivyo biti kimwe kimwe cose cari gifise insiguro canke akamaro bijana.
Nk’akarorero, ibishishwa vy’ikivumu nivyo vyakorwamwo impuzu zo kwambara, umurinzi nawo ugakorwamwo ivyansi.
Ivyo biti vyararamba cane. Nk’ikivumu catewe na Mwezi Gisabo igihe yimikwa mu 1852, Mworoha avuga ko yakibonye mu myaka ya 1960, bivuze ko cari kimaze imyaka irenga ijana.
Bivugwa umwami ahejeje gutera ibigabiro yaca ahabwa umukobwa yateguwe kugira baryamane – bagirane amabanga mpuzabitsina.
Uwo mukobwa nta wundi mugabo yapfa asubiye kuronka, yaca aba Muka-Karyenda, n’ukuvuga umugore w’ingoma Karyenda. Niwe yaba ajejwe kuyitaho.
3. Kivyeyi
Umugirwa wo gutera ibigabiro uheze na none kandi abantu baca bunguruza bakaja ku musozi wa Kivyeyi.
Umwigisha Mworoha avuga ko aho rero ari ho habera ibirori nyamukuru vyo kurya, kunywa, gutamba, kugabira no kwivuga umwami mushasha.
Abantu barubaka insago (utuzu tw’igihe gito) zo kuraramwo igihe ivyo vyose vyaba biriko biraba.
Mworoha avuga ko ibirori vyose vyo kwimika umwami vyashobora kumara iminsi itatu canke ine.
Ahanini vyitabwa n’abagabo, ariko abaganuza ngo barashobora kuzanana n’abagore babo. N’abantu ba hafi y’aho bibera baravyitaba ata kuvangura. N’umugabekazi – nyina w’umwami – yaba ari muri ivyo birori n’abagore bamuherekeje.
Umwami – kenshi yaba akiri umwana muto – bamuzana yicaritswe ku mpfizi y’inka bita Semasaka, akerekanwa n’umuganwa mukuru.
Eeeh nihatari